HTML markup uses tags to identify the various elements of a document. An opening tag marks the start of an element (e.g. a title) and a closing tag marks the end.
Tags are surrounded by the less than (<) and greater than (>) symbols.
For example <title> is the start tag which identifies a page title.
The corresponding end tag is </title> - the same as the start tag but preceded by a / character.
<title>This is an example of a title in an HTML document</title>
In the latest HTML standards, the tag element name and the name of any attributes
(which we will come to later) must be lower case.
<title>This is correct</title>
<TITLE>but this isn't.</TITLE>
Additionally, all tags must be closed. If you have an opening tag,
you must have a corresponding closing tag. If you have used HTML before, you may be aware that
certain tags, e.g. <br> (a line break), did not need to have a closing tag. This is one of ways HTML
is being cleaned up - by removing exceptions to rules. However, to save you a bit of typing, empty elements
(i.e. where nothing occurs between the start and the end tag) can be condensed into a single tag with a
trailing / symbol.
For example
<br></br> can be condensed to
<br /> (note the space before the / which is required for compatibility with older browsers)
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